A syndrome is a set of symptoms and signs which appear together and which, as a whole, characterise a specific disease, disorder or health condition. Sometimes, a syndrome may be due to a single cause, but in other cases it may be the result of several diseases at the same time or of an unknown cause.
For example:
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He syndrome Down's is due to a genetic alteration (trisomy 21).
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He syndrome metabolic groups together several risk factors such as hypertension, obesity and high cholesterol.
Simple summary:
A syndrome is like a «package» of symptoms that often go together and help doctors identify a health problem, even if the exact cause is not always known.